Forcasting (time series) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Forcasting (time series) - Essay Example This makes the TPB particularly useful for designing interventions where the aim is to increase individuals intentions to engage in a behaviour that they are not intrinsically motivated to engage with (Hardeman et al., 2002). One area in which the TPB has received less attention, yet which has an impact upon health outcomes, is the behaviour of health care professionals. There may be differences between the cognitive processes associated with behaviour protecting ones own health compared to protecting the health of others (Walker, Grimshaw, & Armstrong, 2001). Health professionals adherence to guidelines has begun to receive attention. This is partly due to the increased standardisation of healthcare provision in England and Wales through evidence-based guidelines developed by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, and National Service Frameworks for specific services and conditions. Guidelines have the potential to improve standards by promoting interventions of proven benefit, and discouraging ineffective ones (Woolf, Grol, Hutchison, Eccles, & Grimshaw, 1999). However, research suggests that health professionals adherence can be variable and low (e.g. Tiemeier et al, 2002; Mannan & Jones, 2005; Sheldon et al, 2004), and affected by a multitude of factors (e.g. Foy et al., 2001). Given the importance of increasing adherence to strive to achieve the health outcomes predicted by guidelines, some researchers have tested the effectiveness of the TPB in accounting for proportions of variance in health professionals intentions to adhere. Studies have included predicting the adherence intentions of general practitioners to antibiotic prescribing guidelines for patients with a sore throat (Walker et al., 2001), and nurses intentions to offer smoking cessation advice (Puffer & Rashidian, 2004). These and other studies have found the TPB to account for significant proportions of variance in intention

American Revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Revolution - Research Paper Example The protests to these laws were initiated by a group calling itself the sons of liberty, who in their bid to show their concerns against the law, infiltrated a ship in the Boston harbor, destroying 342 chests of tea in the year 1773 (McCullough, 27). In response to these protests, the British Empire imposed a series of punitive laws, referred to as the intolerable acts in 1774. In 1774, the American patriots suppressed all loyalists, and took control of each colony, establishing new government. The British Empire responded by sending troops for purposes of establishing royal control in the year 1775 (McCullough, 26).   The war ended in 1783 with the surrender of Britain, making the colonists establish the federal government of United States, with each of the 13 regions having a governor, and a parliament.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     During, and after the war, one of the most important and notable figures was Benjamin Franklin. Benjamin Franklin is regarded as on e of the founders of America, having played a great role convincing the 13 colonies of America to stay united (Prelinger, 5).   Benjamin Franklin is also credited as being the only person amongst the founders of America to sign the three documents that freed the American colonies from the colonial rule. These documents are the Treaty of Paris, the American Constitution, and the Declaration of Independence (Prelinger, 9). It is important to understand that the role of Benjamin Franklin in assisting Thomas Jefferson to come up with a formal document.

Reminders About the Acceptable Use of Email and Text Messaging Essay - 3

Reminders About the Acceptable Use of Email and Text Messaging - Essay Example Use of email and text messaging by the employees of People Support Aegis Company is allowed, given support, and strongly agreed since this is very useful and is an important business tool of the company. However, People Support Aegis has policy regarding the use of email and texts messaging since these are company property and for the facilitation of the business of the company. Every employee must make sure to: do not use email and text messaging for the making and giving out of any extremely unpleasant, or messages that cause problems, which includes messages that have offensive comments about private and personal matters, age, gender, race, sexual beliefs, origin, physical and mental condition and political and religious beliefs. Using of monitoring software has been reserved in order to ensure that employees are obeying all the policy given. Therefore, the company has the authority to monitor and access all messages on the email and text messaging system.Assuming of privacy in anything the employee created, received, sent or stored on the company’s email system are not allowed because all their messages maybe seen without any prior notice. Accepting personal emails can be made but the messages should be saved in a separate folder. Breaching and failing to comply with the policy have sanctions to be applied on the employee. If an employee is found and proven to have breached the po licy, they will face the company’s disciplinary penalty ranging from a verbal to dismissal.  

Emile Durkheim Essay Example for Free

Emile Durkheim Essay Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist who is considered to be the founding father of sociology. His contributions were in sociology, Anthropology and religions studies. He published and lectured sociological studies in topics like education, crime, religion, suicide and division of labor. Durkheim was born in Pascoag province of Lorraine, formerly in Germany but presently in France, in 1859, April 15. His family line was of rabbi but he rebelled against this title while still a kid. Much of his work was to show that religions bases were from social issues and not a divine issue. Though he rebelled against his family rabbi tradition, his relationship to the family and the Jewish community was still intact. Most of his collaborators and students were drawn from the Jewish community and was even confirmed under the Jewish traditions at the age of thirteen. He followed the regular system in the secular school and at the same time studied Hebrew, Talmud and Old Testament. He at one time acquired some numinous skills in Catholicism from his female teacher who was a catholic herself. However, soon after, he developed some doubts in religion and withdrew his involvement in it. In the college d’Epinal, he was a precocious scholar and this earned him some prizes and honors. This motivated him towards his ambition and transferred to Lycee Louis-le-Grand, a French high school in Paris. Later in 1879, he joined Ecole Normale Superieure a training institution for French scholars. In the ground, he met some major scholars marking French intellectual life. These were; Henri Bergsona a vitalism philosopher, Jean Jaures a social leader, Rauh, Golot and Blondel all philophers and Peirre Janet a psychologist. His interest is a scientific view to society earned him some opposition towards Ecole Normale academic system. It contained no social science which was Durkheim interest. Instead, humanistic studies dominated the academic system. He rebelled against a course that privileged reading of Latin prose and Greek verse and felt recent scientific discoveries and philosophical doctrines should have been the privileged. He was for a solid and structured learning rather than elegant dabbling system which was even rewarded. In 1882 he finished 2nd last in his graduation class. Despite his rebel nature, he had some good friends like Jean Jaures – a socialist leader. He was known to be intelligent, dedicated, a good moral and scientific instructor. (Caser 143) After spending a year in Germany studying sociology, he returned to Bordeaux where a teacher’s training school had just been started. There, he taught social sciences and pedagogy. He was credited for introducing social sciences in the French curriculum. However, his argument that social science could easily explain morality and religion was criticized. Thereafter in 1890s, it became Durkheim’s period of his significant contribution. In 1893, he published his doctoral dissertation â€Å"The Division of labor in Society†, which was a study of how social order was maintained in differing societies. 1895 published â€Å"Rules of the sociological method† manifesting on sociology definition and how it is supposed to be done. One the same year, 1895, he founded Department of Sociology at the University of Bordeaux. In 1898 he published his increasing students and collaborators works in â€Å"LAnnes Sociologuque† a journal he had founded. In 1897, he published â€Å"Suicide† a study providing examples of what the sociological monograph might look. He used quantitative methods in criminology to explore the different crime rates among Protestants and Catholics. He found the strong social control among catholic reduced suicide rates. In 1902, Durkheim was the permanent chair of education and sociology. In the same year 1912, he published his major work â€Å"The elementary forms of Religious life† During the world war which was characterized by propaganda, Durkheim dropped his position on politics which was patriotic rather than internationalism. His former students had died in the war including his own son. This caused Durkheim mental blows. He had lost his son and his rational secular life had been affected by the war. In 1917, he suffered a stroke from emotional strains and exhaustion, recovered months later and resumed to work but later on the same year died. Emile Durkheim was laid to rest in Paris. (Emile Durkheim) His theories and ideas mainly focused social structural assertions of human social tribulations. He covered the social facts, division of labor, education, crime, punishment law and suicide. In social facts, Durkheim felt that the society is much more than what it meant. He incorporated issue like ethnic and religion background. His priority was not on what influences individuals behaviors or acts but in social facts. His argument about social facts is that its existence is more objective and greater than individual’s actions and who makes a society. He argued that only if people in a society were oriented to a common symbolic representation sets, to a common assumption about the environment, could moral unity prevail. Without them any society irrespective of its modernity or primitive nature would degenerate and decay. (Coser 144) In religion, his views are that it is a pervasive aspect in social structure. It is more human oriented aimed at uniting communities. He looks at it effect on an individual and the way they behave, how it can divide a community and its role in the society. Durkheim defines religion as a cultural system of commonly shared beliefs and rituals that provides a sense of ultimate meaning and purpose by creating an idea of reality based on super natural powers (Giddens 534) In division of labor, he argues that despite it aim for material and intellectual development in the society; it has a moral factor more important in that it enhances social unity among people. He argues that people have something in common. This is what binds them together along traditional lines for they are more or less the same. The highly complex division of labor in modern communities was influenced by ‘organic’ solidarity. Specialization and social roles tie individuals to one another. He argues law is a major symbol in the social unity. Punishments acts in it are meant to sustain the unity. Law is not meant to punish but restrain the existing unity. Durkheim called the breaking of social norms state of anomic. (Calhoun 47) He tried to argue suicide by comparing its rates among the Protestants and Catholics. There was less suicide cases in catholic than in protestant. According to him this was as a result of catholic strict norms. His work has influence control theory of sociology. His view on punishment is that it is important in the society setting. He argues social solidarity can only be maintained through punishment. To avoid law breakers who in turn threaten the social unity in a society, punishments act as a threat. However, he calls for a relevant punishment amount claiming it threatens immorality. On crime, he feels it is useful as it leads to reform. It is a response to a pressing social tension and therefore flushes out the pressing issue off the society. (Parsons 32) As a teacher, he had interest in education. He felt it is an important entity in the social structure as it strengthens social cohesion, maintains social roles and maintains division of labor. Emile Durkheim has over the years influenced sociology scholar. In most cases, they have based their studies in his arguments. In most education curriculum, his sociology initiative has been incorporated. His arguments in almost all the areas in social structure have influenced the modern society. Major education institutes offers courses on sociology all over the world. The study of criminology has based its findings in Emile’s ideas. His sociological theories and ideas have been used to explain the causes of crimes in a society. Policy and law makers have used Durkheim’s ideas in making the law. Courts too in their making of judgments they have based it on his ideas. For example cases of suicide and crimes. His findings have been very significant in trying to understand terrorism and terrorism acts. In the modern society, this has been a major threat to the international unity. Religion has been known to be the root cause of such terrorism acts. The 9/11 us terrorism act was by Islamic extremists. The social control in Islamic does not restrict this and therefore it may not look more of a crime to them. Religion has influenced the society greatly, from politics, rituals and practices. On the religion set social norms, members have behaved and acted according to them. Civil wars in most of the word nations are as a result of social norms conflict among different societies. Most of the crimes against humanities have been important in that it has influenced reforms as per Durkheim ideas. Many societies have learnt from past experiences and have significantly reformed to be stronger and united. However, some societies have released social tensions through criminal activities like wars and the end result have been improved unity. This justifies Durkheim’s idea on crime that it is important in reformation. The United Nation body is significant in the world’s unity. The social norms outlined in its organization have a great influence in controlling the world’s societies in their actions. Exploitation is now reduced and independence has prevailed. On the other hand, the larger community i. e. the world is now much more united. Division of labor which is an evident entity in the modern society is more than just sharing responsibilities and roles. It is very significant in social unity. The coming together of specialists from different background has enhanced interaction and understanding among a larger population. In the labor firms, acts that govern a company have been made by their respective policy makers and are significant in the social unity and in role sharing. Durkeim’s scientific views on the society, his contributions and influences are very visible in the modern society.Therefore, he deserves acknowledgment as the founding father of sociology. Work cited: Coser, . Emile Durkheim the Person: sociology at hewett 1977. Retrieved on Friday, October 17, 2008 from http://www. hewett. norfolk. sch. uk/curric/soc/durkheim/durkper. htm Emile Durkheim Site: Emile Durkheim biography: mosaic Retrieved on Friday, October 17, 2008 from http://www. emiledurkheim. net/ Giddens, A Griffiths, S . Religion in the modern society: Polity, 2006. 138- 148 Parsons, T. et al . Theories of Society, New York: Free Press, 2006, 33-48 Calhoun, et al: Classical Sociological Theory . Blackwell Publishing, 2007. 45-66

Budgetary Control: Advantages and Disadvantages

Budgetary Control: Advantages and Disadvantages Budget and budgetary control are the two most important aspects of any business. The budgetary control acts as a complimentary aspect to budget and works and in hand. Budget can e termed as an accounting concept, whereby, an organization and its members, try to define the trend of activities of an organization during a course of time, depending on the past experience. Budgets, comes up various figures relating to sales, purchase etc. and puts forward a frame of reference in front of its employees and other members. Thus, it helps an organization to keep a check on its present activities in relation to budget thus provided, and this check in words can be termed as budgetary control. Budgets, by definition, have to be prepared in advance; and as a result, often referred to as the feed forward system. Feed forward incorporates the most important aspect of budgeting: looking at situations in advance, thinking about the impact and implications of things in advance and attempting to take control of situations in advance. Budget and budgetary control seems to stream line the activities of organizations and provides a disciplinary outlook. Budgets are often termed as integral part of any business and thus, play a vital role in a organizational success. In the following report, an attempt has been made to put across a brief overview in regard to the same. A budget can be described as a plan expressed in quantitative and money terms. Budgets are usually prepared and approved in advance and take into consideration the period it needs to be used and the similar period on the previous years. Budgets are prepared to put across a picture whereby, an organization tries to implement different actions and planning to attain the budgetary figures. Budgets are prepared on a department wise as well as a whole. The budgetary figures put across helps an organization to gear up its activities and often act in boosting up the employee motivation. However, since budget and budgetary facts and figures relates to future, the forecasting and its preparation should be taken care off. BUDGETORY CONTROL As already mentioned, budget and budgetary control works hand in hand. A budget puts forward the financial data representation of certain facts and figures depending on the past, which needs to be fulfilled in the near future. However, budgetary control ensures the fact that the budget is properly followed and an organization attains the predetermined growth. In other words, the concept of budgetary control can be described as an action relating to the usage on the budget to attain pre-determined organizational success. The whole phenomenon can be described as a chain of activities whereby, budgets are prepared to attain an organizational goal and then, the successful implementation and following those figures in different sphere of activities can be described as budgetary control. In simple words, budgetary control relates to the establishment of budgets relating the responsibilities of budget holders the needs of a policy. Budgetary control also relates to the continuous comparison of actual with budgeted results to ensure that the objectives of the same are properly achieved; or to provide a basis for the change of those objectives. In summary, a budget is a statement setting out the monetary, numerical or non quantitative aspects of an organisations plans for the coming week or month or year. Budgetary control is the analysis of what happened when those plans came to be put into practice, and what the organisation did or did not do to correct for any variations from these plans. BENEFITS OF BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL Budgets provide benefits both for the business, and also for its managers and other staffs: The budget assists planning A budget is prepared for the future in order ensures proper allocation of resources among all the departments and so that the organization attains the predetermined success. A budget thus assists a business to plan its future course of action. The budget communicates and co-ordinates A budget once prepared and accepted by the authority is usually communicated to all the departments and other members so that all the work can be properly co-ordinated. The budget helps in controlling over-utilisation of resources or increase in cost/expenses and a decrease in incomes/sales. The budget helps in decision-making process A budget is designed kept in mind the future course of action and thus, helps in the decision-making activities of the future. The budget can be used to monitor and control A budget helps in keeping a control on the overall activities of a business organization. The budget can be used to motivate and control A budget puts forward certain monthly and quarterly figures which different departments needs to attain during that specific. Often on attaining such figures, the employees are rewarded with bonus or increments. The budget maintains a discipline A budget helps an organization to maintain a discipline over its expenditure trends and thus, keeps a maintains an organizational discipline. LIMITATIONS OF BUDGET BUDGETARY CONTROL Though there are various benefits to the fact of budget and budgetary control, however, there are few limitations also and these are described below: Benefits of producing a budget should exceed its cost Often small organizations cannot cope up with the cost of budgeting and maintain its activities at par. For tem, budgets are of mere use. Budgets are often not accurate This document provides details based on the figures of the past and therefore, it often happens that the budgets are not realistic because of the changes in the market structure and demand pattern. The budget might demotivate Employees who might not be able to achiee the budgeted targets might be demotivated with the budget. Budgets might lead to dysfunctional management Targets might pose in a threat within various departments of an organization. For example, a production department might achieve extra output than the sales department actually requires. As a result, budgets need to be set at realistic levels and linked and co-ordinated across all departments with proper informations. Budgets might be set at too low levels Budgets being prepared by individuals can be manipulated and hence, should be properly checked because low level budgets might effect the work culture. Applicability of Budgeting and Budgetary Control Budgeting can be applied to virtually every situation. Different organizations require different types of budgeting in order to achieve its organizational goal. As it can be pointed out, there are many issues underlying the use of a budgeting system that need careful consideration. For example, the budgeting systems cannot just be imposed on an organisation nor do they run themselves. Managers at all levels often resent revised budgets and budget targets afer closely inspecting the present scenario. The budgeting process The budgeting process is a very lengthy process: typically, for a large organisation, the pre budgeting phase can begin up to a year before the budget period starts. In this section, Jones and Pendlebury (1984), pp62-63, gives some insight into the beginning of the budgeting cycle for the preparationTimetable for preparation of detailed revenue budget and capital programme for a Local Authority. The process starts in June in the year preceding the budget period with the draft budget manual being sent to Finance Officers, who discuss this draft with their departmental staff (with a view to adoption or amendment). The budgetary planning phase is completed in March (ready for an April start) when the printed budget book is published and the approved estimates are put into the financial control system. The budget period The budget period is the period for which a set of budgets is prepared: typically the budget period is of one years duration, and will be designed to coincide with an organisations financial, or fiscal, year. There is no reason why a budget period has to be one year, but typically it is. However, a fiscal year is usually divided into several smaller periods such as monthly or quarterly to keep a close check on the departmental activities. However, in certain situations, the budget period will be analysed according some particular feature of the work in that situation: for example, stockbrokers have their year divided into accounts of two and three weeks duration. These divisions of a budget period are control periods. Budget centres Different organizations are tend to be divided in various organizational departments to ensure the maximum benefit of the budget and the budgetary control. A budget centre is one part of an organisation for which budgets are prepared. That is, a budget centre, like a cost or profit centre, is a section of an organisation (division, department, building, individual) for which a separate budget is prepared. Interrelationships of budgets As mentioned, different budget centres get their specific budget and according to them they plan their activities. But, strikingly, all these departmental budgets has interlinked and possess inter-relationships and as a result, has to be worked out properly, in order to apply it effectively. On preparation of sales budget, it can be easily noted that the same has got strong links with the stock budget and the stock budget has strong links with the cash budget. Therefore, when any of the budgets are changed it has its direct impact on the other related budgets. The more complex the organisation and the more complex the processes within that organisation, the greater the number and variety of interrelationships that any budget for that organisation is bound to contain. Conclusion In the above paragraphs, various aspects of budgeting has been discussed. After all the discussions it can be further concluded that a budget plays an integral part of any business operations and in order to assure the proper utilisation of budget and to keep a close check on the different activities of an organization, budgetary control is necessary. Both these process helps an organization to attain its organizational goal. However, all the details provided in this report are not absolute and are subject to various limitations pertaining to limited knowledge, time and resources. But, we hope that the report will provide a brief idea about the subject. Art Therapy: Types and Effectiveness Art Therapy: Types and Effectiveness [D1] Art[D2] therapy is part of communicative therapy that focuses on the creative process for building up an artistic approach to recover a person’s mental, physical, emotional well-being. The artistic process [D3]involve in one expressing itself artistically which can support people to understand issues and to develop and accomplish their feelings and behavior, to reduce stress and to improve self-esteem and self-awareness. You do not need to be a talented or artist person to get the  benefits. There are experts that will work with you to get deep into the primary messages delivered through your arts, which will support in the remedial process. Art therapy can accomplish several things for several people. Therapists use art for counseling by, healing, rehabilitation, treatment, psychotherapy and in a broad sense of the term; it is used to manipulate one’s inner self in a way, which may provide the person with the deeper understanding of him/her self. Art therapists are experts, trained in both therapy and art. They are familiar about human growth, psychological concepts, clinical training, divine, diverse and creative traditions and the remedial potential of the art. Art is used in treatment, valuation, investigation, and provide consultations to associated professionals. Art therapist work with people of every age: individuals, families, couples, groups and societies. They provide facilities both individually and as a part of clinical groups, in situations that contain mental health, rehabilitation, remedial and scientific institutions; community outreach programs; schools; corporate structures; and independent practices.The best part is tha tanyone can use the art therapy. In the world where there is the multitude of methods to express and communicate one’s self. One of major differences among art therapy and the other methods of communication is that maximum other methods of communication provoke the use of words and la nguage as a mean of communication. One of the splendors of art as therapy is the capability of a person to express their feelings through any kind of art. However there are various other types of expressive therapies but expressive art therapy typically uses more traditional forms of the art such as painting, drawing, sculpture, or the variety of other types of graphic art expression.Art counselors are skilled to understand nonverbal symbols metaphors that are frequently expressed through the art and through the creative procedure, ideas that are typically hard to express through words. It is with this process that the person really originates to notice the effects of the art therapy and discoveries that can be made. Multiple sclerosis(MS) is aprovocativedisease in which theshielding coversofnerve cellsin thebrainandthe spinal cordare damaged. This damage interrupts the capacity of portions of the nervous system to communicate. There is no known cure for multiple sclerosis. Treatments endeavor to improve the function after the attack and avert new attacks. Art counselors work with these patients to support them to come to the terms with their condition and understand to accept their reality. Art therapy doesn’t always change peoples lives in a small period of time though but it does compromise a solution to their issues that is less clinical and complex than what they had tried before. MS is a complex disease that is difficult to define and hard to describe to those who doesn’t experience the nerve pain or the muscle spasms and the other physical limitations. Unfortunately, if you keep your feelings and thoughts to only yourself it can become both emotionally and physically harmful. Art therapies can help a persondevelop and express theemotional effect of MSwithout the use of words, improving stress situations and helping the person forge better contacts with friends, family and the medical team. The main purpose of art therapy is to relieve the stress, understand emotions, and to restore the sense of control confidence. Though it is a broad term but art therapy classically refers to any type of creative expression that is directed by an expert therapist who is committed to helping a patient revitalize their bodily and psychological health and skills. However doing art at your home on your own can also have positive effect. Here are few of the most important benefits of art therapy on MS patients, they include: Stress relief –Distracting your feelings and concentrating on a positive activity for some time is beneficial for relieving stress. Art itself is a fantastic mode to transfer focus and the slow monotonous actions of painting, drawing or even sculpting can physically provide peace to the body. Depression less and isolation –As MS signs begin to hinder with your movement or energy levels, your social life starts to suffer and finally, numerous MS patients become isolated, nervous and depressed. Being with a person who understands your moods and symptoms can provide a healthy bonding opportunity. Graphical help for vocal problems –It is not rare to get tongue-tied or merely give up on explanation for your symptoms and to state of mind to public/people. Unfortunately, a deficiency of communication means less effective remedy which leads to more suffering. Various people found out that they could express difficult thoughts easily with a graphical representation, specifically after getting into the pace of the artistic method. For numerous MS patients, only holding on to the paintbrush is an important challenge. The final product is not essentially the most significant part of the treatment; the act of producing is what releases the tension, inspires self-exploration, and support social activities. Art therapists use lots of other genres to understand their patients, including music, movement, dance and writing. Artistic treatment is a way of using the arts for example art, music, dance or drama in a beneficial environment with a qualified therapist. In arts treatment, MS patient are helped to express themselves by creating something, anything such as any kind of music or a painting, sometimes even a play. This could help them express their feelings, without even using words. When some patients could not talk without choking on their tears, the treatment gives them a voice and a mode to express themselves without having to talk. They don’t need to have any kind of special skill or any experience of doing art, dance, music or drama to discover the arts therapy supportive. The target is not to yield a great work of art but to enhance their creations to understand them better. There are different arts therapies available for different type of MS patients. They all have recognized professional figures and provide guideline and codes of practice for their patients. Music therapy In this therapy, MS patient communicate with their therapist through music. This means playing, singing or even listening to music. If the patient is doing group music therapy, therapist can also use music to communicate with other patients in the group. Music therapies can be helpful in various ways. It could help patient express difficult feelings and hard memories that they find too hard to talk about in words. It could bring back the old feelings and the memories they thought they had forgotten, helping to deal with hard things in their past and move on. It could help them get used to expressing themselves, which can then help them write or talk about their feelings more easily. The therapist could use music to connect with their patients, even if they are not consciously listening. That may be helpful if they find it really hard to communicate with new people, and can help them feel more capable to involve with other people. Music therapy typically uses tapping or simple melodic instruments that can be played, even if patients don’t have any kind of experience of playing music. For example: drums wood blocks maracas bells chime bars Simple harps. In this therapy, you may improvise music or play precise bits of music that you can practice and progress over time. During the session, the therapist will listen to the music patients create, and they use it to try and apprehend how patients are feeling. They will respond to this by playing one of their own music and practice this to try make positive deviations to how a patient feels. They may also help patient to use music to explore their feelings and to think about how to relate to people. Dance therapy Dance therapy uses dance movements to help one express their feelings. It can help therapist to become aware of emotions that one find it hard to discuss, and to make a patient feel more comfortable with their body. Dance therapies can be mainly helpful if the MS patients are having these issues: Patients have negative feelings about their body for example, if they have a mental health issue related to their appearance, including eating problems orthe body dysmorphic disorderor (BDD). Their emotional problems come out as physical illnesses for example, if they have depression, they can experience physical pain as part of this issue. They find physical interaction with other people hard. They feel separate or disconnected from their surroundings, or even out-of-touch with normal life They are taking medication that disturbs the way they move They have been sexually or physically abused, or have experienced a trauma. In the dance therapy session, the therapist watches the way the patient move in order to comprehend more about how they are feeling, and helps them to express themselves through their movements. The therapist can encourage patients to change their movements to help change the way they feel. Like if a patient is feeling low or depressed, they may hunch their shoulders and appear smaller than they are. The therapist then can encourage them to reach up and stand more upright, to help them feel more self-confident. It is a nice idea to wear loose and comfortable clothes with light, flat shoes or even bare feet when doing dance therapy, so one can feel more comfortable when they are moving around. Drama therapy: Drama therapy is another form of therapy that uses the theatre and drama. It is mostly used in groups, but can also be offered as a one-to-one basis. In drama therapy, there are a range of different techniques. Improvisation: making up small plays or sketches Role play: acting the part of a specific person in a precise situation, such as being a parent or a child. Mime: acting without using any words Movement: using the body to express yourself Rhythm: using diverse rhythms in a speech to help develop your control on the way you express yourself. Speech: using voice in ways that one otherwise find difficult such as shouting, whispering or crying. Acting out: replaying behaviors that has caused one’s problem in the past, to help to learn to do things differently, or to replaying a situation you find difficult. However, you do not have to only act in drama therapy. You can also be part in other parts of theatre, like: being a director or producer lighting person making scenery, costume or the props Being the audience: this can be mainly helpful if you are feeling stunned or you want some space without wanting to leave the group. Drama therapy can help in several ways: Expressing how you feel in a drama can help you understand to put tough experiences behind you. Using Stories, imagery or symbols in a drama allows you to discover difficult or aching things that have occurred to you from a harmless distance, without having you to repeat the detail of your own story. It can also help you to explore and understand the relationships with people, and can help you to address various problems. During a session, therapist may use or adjust existing stories. They may improvise sketches or the plays. Patients have to act out a situation that has actually happened, or to make up a whole new one, to help them understand the feelings and relationships better. Arts therapy: Art therapy usually uses painting, clay and various other types of art to help patients get in touch with their feelings and express themselves. The art they make can also help their therapist understand more about their feelings and what is causing them, and can help them learn how to deal with things. The different materials that are used in the art can be helpful in various ways. For example: Objects as stones, pieces of trash or bark may help them reconnect with nature and help them feel closer to the world around them. Objects they find may remind them of experiences they have had and helped them express and explore their feelings around them. Clay can be valuable if they find using color difficult due to attack Clay may help them move on from difficult feelings and experiences. The shape of clay is easily changed and transformed to show changes in the emotions or circumstances. Using a camera can help them to connect with the present moment and with life it creates an immediate picture but at the same time keep them separate from what they are photographing, as they see it through a camera screen or lens. Taking a photo can help them deal with their situation, as they think about how the things they choose to photograph might be connected with memories and emotions in their past. During the session, a patient or a therapist can decide what type of things they might create, or they might use music, poetry or a story to give some ideas. As part of a therapy, a patient may display their artwork in an exhibition which can help them accept their state and emotions and feel more accepted by others, because their experiences are presented in a way that is better for other people to understand. This may be mainly useful if they have felt alienated after the attack. Various people find that enclosing their art is also a supportive part of therapy. For example, the frame may represent a limit that contains the emotions in a picture and makes them safe. These are few things that must be focused by a therapist while dealing with a MS patient during a therapy. Innovation: Use of a detailed art material or graphical media to address patient’s presenting problems or for the strength and well-being of patients. Adaptation: Development of a detailed interference based on a psychotherapeutic approach such aspsychoanalysis,CBT, or other model. Popularity: Consistent presence in literature conferences, or workshops, whether it is the actual intervention or variation of an intervention. Edith[D4] Kramer, a renowned USA art therapist, artist and author, who is working for MS patients for several years, is credited with inventing the term third hand, the idea central to her approach to the art as therapy. To Kramer, the art therapy’s purpose is to allow the individual to generate graphical images that expressively and truthfully connect with experience and to the best of the person abilities. Kramers position resonances psychoanalyst, Theodore Reikslistening with the Third Ear, a discourse describing how psychotherapists instinctively use their owninsensibleminds to decode and understand their clients. Here is an explanation of the third hand involvement in its modest form. When working with a child patient, therapist might cultivate a drawing for the kid to polish as a way of creating a relationship or communication. In another scenario, Therapist might save a childs clay character from tumbling apart by showing the child how to strengthen the legs or framework. Sometimes the art therapist literally becomes the hands for a specific patient; a mature with a incapacitating MS illness may need therapist to help cut and arrange the photos for a collage. Other times, therapist might make art during the session alongside a patient if it is therapeutically helpful or they might even communicate something nonverbally through an artistic communication rather than using words. Active imagination, in its widest sense, has a much greater role in the art therapy than just permitting impulsive images to disclose. It has a appropriate significance in modern practice because of fresh interest inm indfulness and methods such as dialectical behavior therapy and somatic experiencing, focusing on encouraging one to stick with the image and the bodys felt sense. These methods are progressively being used as methods for addressingtraumareactions and posttraumaticstress, among other emotional challenges and disorders due to MS. Mindfulness, adopted byneuroscience gurus likeDan Siegel and others, is a practice of harmonizing, very much similar to the nonjudgmental, alert concentration found in active imagination. Active imagination is just that a distinction on mindfulness exercise which is all about evolving a more serious ability to elucidate ones thoughts, feelings and physical experiences. The advantage in using art expression is that it takes the products of lively imagination into concrete form, something that art therapy grasps central and striking to the remedial process. And as Jung implicit, staying with the image just may be the excellent function that helps patients see who they are, hold the moment, and accept what is, rather than what ought to be. Art therapists and psychologists, along with some counselors have consequently adapted the idea of ‘how do you feel right now’ in a range of ways. Children, for instance, may be asked to draw faces articulating mad, sad, glad and scared to help them connect their emotional[D5]experiences to the therapist. An activity usually called a body scan is alternative general repetition that involves using a sketch of a body as stage for using drawing, collage or paint to portray where emotions are felt in the body. Its a method that is showing to be mainly useful with people who have posttraumatic stress symptoms and MS symptoms because it often helps them to graphically identify distressful body feelings related to suffering reactions. While there are other similar directives, many art therapists, take a more free form method and simply ask patients to use color, shapes and lines, or images to express feelings when suitable to thegoalsof therapy. Citations: http://www.arttherapyblog.com/what-is-art-therapy/#.VSQPE_mUdNM http://ms.newlifeoutlook.com/art-therapy-for-ms/ http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2011/08/17/5-quick-facts-about-art-therapy/ http://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/drugs-and-treatments/arts-therapies/#.VSQTVfmUdNM https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/arts-and-health http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis [D1]Give Proper Title [D2]Heading needed. What is this paragraph about? [D3]Font size is required to set as 12pts and Line spacing is required to be set as â€Å"Double or 2.0† [D4]Heading needed. [D5]Though it’s nice but you are required to get rid of the Image. An Inspector Calls: Character Analysis of the Inspector An Inspector Calls: Character Analysis of the Inspector The Inspector also interrogates the characters in a particularly harsh and rude manner. He scares them and pressures them until they finally break and confess the truth. He tries to make them feel guilty by continuously trying to make them see their errors and how they have been forgetting socialism, making them seem selfish and unbearable. He uses a lot of rhetorical questions to make the characters think about what they have done and probe at the truth. A good example of this is when the Inspector is talking to Sheila, just after she admits to having Eva Smith fired from Milwards. He says, And so you used the power you had, as a daughter of a good customer and also of a man well known in the town, to punish the girl just because she made you feel like that? he makes Sheila feel guilty and say, And if I could help her now, I would-. The Inspector then goes on to say, (harshly) Yes, but you cant. Its too late. Shes dead. Even though Sheila was already feeling guilty, the Inspector continues to remind her what she has done and the fact that Eva Smith is dead, making Sheila feel even worse. The Inspector makes the characters own up to their actions and reveal what he already seems to know, for example, towards the conclusion of the first act, when Gerald talks to Sheila about the time he spent with Daisy Renton last summer. He knows by now that Gerald has somewhat to establish and its just a matter of time before everything should unravel: The door opens and the Inspector walks in the room constantly in mind of questioning them. Inspector Well? At this moment in time he uses technique to give a bit on the next part of the story and where we could decide what may or may not happen. We see how the Birling and Gerald react, such as using the word good? At the exact moment this way, the characters will confess, Its as if they knew what was expected of them when they are wrong, because the Inspector is bluffing stories out bit by bit, only giving them one small bit of something, its as if he is starting a story and the Birlings are finishing it. Consequently the characters too are confused themselves in my opinion, because they are doing him a vast favour by telling him the truth, and this is one my favourite functions where he is able to manipulate the mind of the family through his interrogation in a situation where he knows he is bluffing and therefore it is a very good effect. It is used for large results, for example when he mentions the name Daisy Renton, Gerald suddenly says What? The Inspector responds instantly to the reaction of Gerald also now knowing that Gerald had known and expecting that he can hide this fact from the Inspector. However, the Birling family begin to see what the Inspector has done to them; however it is a little too late. For example, at the end of the second act, Sheila said: It gives us the rope so that we will hang him. Its like in the beginning when they commence to understand that they all had something to do with the death of Eva Smith and the Inspector comes eye to eye with each of them and with all the knowledge they need he ends up coming down hard on them, because the Inspector wants to see that the family feel remorse for their actions. In this moment in time Sheila is seeing this interrogation clearly and demonstrates this by saying somehow, he makes you. She sees clearly that the Inspector was knocking or building a wall between them and what they hide away from the Inspector. This is because it originates in their household since most of the information and each characters role in suicide of Eva Smith. In addition to the family of the Birling, they reveal more of the truth behin d their stories to the Inspector, whilst he has just supplied them with very little information. The Inspector also controls speech and movement on stage, for example, it controls speech as he admitted their connection with the death of Eva Smith, but he also controls the movement, for example at the beginning of the third act: Eric Can I have a drink first? The Inspector said very positively: Yes! I know it is your son and your home, but to watch. He needs a drink now, just to see it through. That is why Mr. Birling is literally forced to say Then go to Eric that he is hump by the Inspector Goole. It seems that if a higher power, and the power of authority is clearly established here. So he tries to show he is not here to mess about, but comes here to get the facts and deal directly with the murder mystery. Ideally there are many other occasions when similar actions occur in the room. At the end of the second act, the Inspector is able to Mrs. Birling to say that whoever got the Eva Smith pregnant should be punished severely; its show when she said: It must be dealt with very harshly. In telling her story in a very swollen and in a very emotional, so it feels great remorse that he and the family to find it was Eric who got her pregnant. It also creates irony and tension moments, it also hinders it, because it means that everything she said, is regretted by her. Finally, it pays the most money. I also believe that we have sympathy for that because the unborn baby has grown to own grandchildren Mrs. Birling and all this leading to his refusal to help when she came to ask for help when she needed most, so that lead to the accumulation of the death of his granddaughter when she is extremely sad over. One of the functions of Inspectors worked to good effects as it impact on the mind of Mr. Birling mind being changed. This relates to its function in the game as a sort of manipulative character that may also be brainwashing some of the characters in the room. In my opinion, that is what makes this wonderful and unique Inspector. It is really the only reason the Inspector Goole, visit the Birling. He just literally gets his point across and let them helpless. Leaving them wondering. Its like trying to find the pieces to join them to form a puzzle, and this is exactly the case with the Inspector, and they finished it, when they understand what the Inspector has really done for them. At the beginning of the play when he said that if Eva Smith wasnt sacked from his works, people like herself may eventually ask for the world. Then later in the play, he said: I would give thousands. He directs this to help out in knowing that now she is dead, and it all started because he was fired from his works. I think Mr. Birling is not too concerned about the scandal Eva Smith / Daisy Renton. But I also think it takes maturity and responsibility, and show some remorse for his actions and what is shown when the exact words said above I would give thousands. Inspector creates moments of tension in the room, like when he stops and says good. He slowed his speech for the person to talk to their point, he does so skilfully to let them clean what they have done. Currently, the public is at the edge of their seat because it is repeated continuously as happens throughout the piece. For example, in the first act ends so the word good is just perfect for creating a cliff hanging and JB Priestley, clearly demonstrated. Mrs. Birling I do not know anything about this girl. The Inspector seriously good, we shall see, Mrs. Birling. This then gives a chance to own before Inspector Goole to act on itself. However little we can hardly ever gives the public an idea of what is coming next. Inspector Goole is acting like a say in the moral history of Priestley and this is reflected in the dialogue of fence-viewers. It teaches that everyone is linked and we should all cooperate to make the world a better place. Thats when the speech begins, One Eva Smith has gone, but there are many more Eva Smith and John Smiths currently with us. This shows a contrast with the public good prospects in the hope of something. With their lives, their hopes and fears. This is a memorable phrase that will highlight the dialogue, and it is also an example of three things listed. Continuing his final dialogue with all the confusing our presence, with what we do, believe and think with each other. It shows a most memorable phrasing which then leads to a positive impact on readers that we will be more committed. Also at the end of the sentence, the list of three. This may be in minds of readers and their influence on socialism. We do not stay and live by ourselves, we are associates of a community as a whole, and we are responsible to each other. This is about as positive as it includes the word we, which makes the public to identify what is being said. In the last sentence of the Inspectors dialogue, he said, If men will not learn this lesson, the consequences are that fire, blood and anguish would be brought up against them. In this sentence the introduction of the first person singular is put forward to the audience he speaks directly with a serious tone towards what he says. In addition, some phrases are memorable, like fire and blood and anguish. They could be regarded as a prophecy of two world wars yet to come that Priestley wrote the play to make a political point in ending the dialogue. In addition, this makes the game more inexplicable. The Inspector is considered a time traveler . As if he is a man who has traveled back in time to tell everyone back in 1912 (when the room has been created), which is approaching here two world wars. This is another effect used by JB Priestley to recognize this game as a message to the people of the world. It can also be regarded as a time unit, where he went in the past and the story told in the future, this extension to intensify the effect. It then ends with Good Night which is a positive way to conclude his speech. To include to Priestleys voice, the character, Mr. Birling is presented as a sort of capitalist slave and the Inspector is charged in the fight with him all the way by showing him as an increasingly negative influence. Probably a socialist when we, like most readers realize the problems in the book, then looking at a wider horizon, they can also be debated issues around the world who are currently in progress, For as we, as the Inspector said in his final speech. In addition, this greatly helps change the publics views on politics and in giving them a slightly different viewpoint, like what is happening on the planet we live now? Such as the current wars and other issues. In my opinion, Inspector Goole is the speech, not necessarily for the characters on stage, but the audience. It may be a bit of a fascinating dialogue because it is very well built and it persuades people to learn from their mistakes and act on them. Priestley has done an excellent job of putting ideas across most of them are very important points that are generally neglected in our daily lives. I think the inspector is able to put the point across and Priestley that captures public attention, very well with his speech-making, and (Priestley) objectives have been successfully proposed. The Inspector is the maker of all the tension and drama as well as the mystery in which this play has to offer, and he used incredibly well to capture the attention of the audience. I think Priestley, as done well using Inspector Goole as the main character in the play because of the development he has to shows throughout the many different scenarios. The whole piece concludes with a sense that has demonstrated very well that priests can be considered a moral of the play, which is that the actions of everyone affects everyone and no one should be selfish as this may have an effect on anyones personal lives greatly in a sequence of events. The Inspector makes the characters own up to their actions and reveal what he already seems to know, for example, towards the conclusion of the first act, when Gerald talks to Sheila about the time he spent with Daisy Renton last summer. At the exact moment this way, the characters will confess, Its as if they knew what was expected of them when they are wrong, because the Inspector is bluffing stories out bit by bit, only giving them one small bit of something, its as if he is starting a story and the Birlings are finishing it. The Inspector responds instantly to the reaction of Gerald also now knowing that Gerald had known and expecting that he can hide this fact from the Inspector. Its like in the beginning when they commence to understand that they all had something to do with the death of Eva Smith and the Inspector comes eye to eye with each of them and with all the knowledge they need he ends up coming down hard on them, because the Inspector wants to see that the family feel remorse for their actions. The Inspector also controls speech and movement on stage, for example, it controls speech as he admitted their connection with the death of Eva Smith, but he also controls the movement, for example at the beginning of the third act: To include to Priestleys voice, the character, Mr Birling is presented as a sort of capitalist slave and the Inspector is charged in the fight with him all the way by showing him as an increasingly negative influence. I think Priestley, as done well using Inspector Goole as the main character in the play because of the development he has to shows throughout the many different scenarios I think the purpose of his visit was to show the family that their  lives and what they do during their life is far more influential than they realise, either positively or negatively. Had they helped Eva  Smith, her life may not have been lost, but in fact, the Inspectors intention was to help them see where they went wrong and secure them on the right path if they were willing to respond. He wanted to aid  them in their understanding that in life there are huge decisions and choices to make which, if are chosen wrongly, can have devastating effects, not only for them but for other people . The reason the Police Inspector arrived here at the Birling household was to investigate a suicide. He seemed to already know everything that the family told him of the questions he was asking. It was as though he had been watching them for the past 10 or so years and knew everything  that had gone on. It appears innocent, just routine innocuous questioning. Sheila used her authority, coming from a wealthy family, to get Eva Smith fired, I went to the manager at Milwards and I told him that if they didnt get rid of that girl, Id never go near the place again and Id persuade mother to close our account with them. When Sheila hears the news that Eva Smith has killed herself she is devastated. She looks at the photograph of Eva Smith, (recognizes it with a little cry, gives a half stifled sob, and then runs out). Her mood also changes and she starts to see things in a different perspective to try and understand the situation and her involvement in it. She regrets what she has done and promises to never, never do it again to anybody. At this stage the audience sees Sheila as a very honest individual. She admits that she was jealous and that her pride was insulted and that If shed been some miserable plain little creature, I dont suppose Id have done it. But she was very pretty. Eva Smith killed herself because she could not withstand the pro blems mounting in her life; she had no money, no friends and no family. As Sheila observes everyones involvement in Eva Smiths downfall she begins to recognize the message behind Inspector Gooles visit to the Birling Family, Well he inspected us alright.

The Praise And Strife Of A Her :: essays research papers

The Praise and Strife of a Hero The definition of a hero is dependent on that society's beliefs, laws and taboos. There are heroes for all ages and for both men and women. Heroes have had changing roles since man wrote his story, and all have been the embodiment of each society, each civilization's ideals. Basketball superstar, Michael Jordan, largely affects the children of today that are enthralled with visions of hoop dreams. He inspires the young depraved ghetto child to rise up against his unfortunate circumstances. Possessing many noteworthy qualities, all heroes possess faults because they are human and all humans possess failings. Because heroes begin to fold and make mistakes as they are suddenly thrust into the awe inspired limelight, and because their pedestals are broken and discarded as the public craves to see the dirt underneath the hero. Heroes are a product of a society's perception of someone to be praised. To be able to praise a hero, that hero must not only be a marvel but that hero must also be humble. Failings in heroes are only natural, they are human and all humans possess faults. All human beings are born and die with character traits, which can be, at the most basic level, perceived as being helpful or as being harmful, depending on the character's viewpoint. People are regularly regarded as having traits ranging from the most trivial as being a perfectionist, to the most weighty, such as being a coward. These traits form the basis of human personality and define the individual's personal nature. Ideal heroes are perceived differently in different periods of history. In Chaucer's Prologue of the Canterbury Tales a worthy man is described. He is a chivalrous knight who prided himself on his own personal truth, honor, freedom, and courtesy. Chaucer's view of a hero is one who is without fault, truly the epitome of goodness. Heroes are also praised by society because the hero takes on much of society's own stress. Heroes are under severe stress and live a life of duress and begin to commit errors as the level of pressure begins to catapult. Heroes are continuously placed under pressure by all who surround them, convinced that the object of their attention can not fail under any circumstances. They grow self-centered and absolute followers of themselves and expect the same-undeserved treatment from others. As Beowulf often takes pride in his work, proclaiming that he slew Grendel, that he rescued the damsel in distress, without any help needed, or offered from any persons.

Firework Problems for Math

Fireworks  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The Problems July 7, 2008 On the 4th of July, Vanessa watched the local fireworks with her family from their front lawn. Once the fireworks began, Vanessa’s mom said, â€Å"Wow we are really lucky that our view isn’t blocked – the bottoms of MOST of the fireworks appear right at the top of that 50 foot oak tree. † If Vanessa was 100 feet from the oak tree and 1500 feet away from the fireworks launch site, how many feet off the ground were the bottoms of MOST of the fireworks? Disregard Vanessa’s height. [pic] James’ family always puts on a big fireworks display every 4th of July. This year James got to pick out a few that were used. He decided on two 6-packs of Roman Candles, one Morton’s Mortar Kit and one Emerald City. If sales tax was 5%, based on the prices below how much change did James get back when he gave the cashier $45. 00? Express your answer in dollars and cents to the nearest cent. Roman Candles – $6. 99/ 6-pack Bottle Rockets – $7. 99/ pack Sparklers – $9. 99/ box Ground Flowers – $9. 99 Morton’s Mortar Kit – $9. 99/ kit EmeraldCity – $14. 99/ each Rain of Fire – $29. 99/ each New Yorker Salute Finale – $79. 99/ each [pic] Magda had a 4th of July party at her house. Her favorite lemonade recipe calls for 1 cup of lemon juice for every 4. 5 cups of water. If Magda followed the recipe and made 33 cups of lemonade, how many cups of lemon juice did she use?